How to Prevent Overdose

Learn how to prevent overdose and recognize early signs, especially for substances like opioids and alcohol.
Published on
January 28, 2025

When substance use spirals out of control, it can quickly lead to overdose. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than 107,000 people tragically lost their lives to drug overdoses in the US in 2023. While this figure is a slight decrease from 2022 — and the first decline in five years — it's still a reminder that this crisis is far from over. If anything, the need to prevent overdose and save lives is more urgent than ever.In this blog, we'll explain how to recognize the warning signs of an overdose and the key steps you can take to prevent one. We'll also highlight the importance of addiction treatment programs and how educating yourself and others can help.

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Source: Oregon Trail Recovery[/caption]

What is an Overdose?

The Addiction Center describes an overdose as a situation where “someone enters into a critical state from ingesting too much of a substance or blend of substances.” Overdoses can vary depending on the substance. The common types include opioid, alcohol, stimulant, and sleeping pill overdoses.Overdoses happen for various reasons. One major contributor is the dangerous practice of mixing substances. For example, mixing stimulants and depressants can create unpredictable and hazardous effects that significantly increase your risk. Another critical risk factor is using substances alone, where there’s no one around to help if something goes wrong. Overdoses also often happen when you underestimate the potency of a drug or aren’t fully aware of how your body will react. This can cause you to take more than your system can safely handle.Apart from these, several elements can further influence how an overdose might occur and its severity. These include your age, the specific substances you’re using, the amount you take, and how you administer the drug (whether by snorting, injecting, or another method). Additionally, personal factors like your body type, overall health, and history of substance use can also affect how your body responds to a substance.

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Recognizing the Signs of an Overdose

As with other medical and health-related situations, knowing the signs of an overdose is essential. Overdoses can manifest through a variety of physical and behavioral symptoms.

Physical Symptoms

Physical symptoms of an overdose can include:

  • Difficulty breathing
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Abnormal pupil size (e.g., pinpoint pupils in opioid overdoses)
  • Vomiting
  • Bluish tint to the skin or lips
  • Slurred speech
  • Slow or irregular heart rate

Behavioral Symptoms

Behavioral changes that may signal an overdose include:

  • Sudden confusion or disorientation
  • Unresponsiveness or inability to stay awake
  • Drastic mood swings
  • Uncharacteristic aggression or irritability
  • Severe anxiety or paranoia
  • Hallucinations or delusions

Specific Signs by Substance

Prompt recognition of these signs can make the difference between life and death. However, note that overdose symptoms can vary widely depending on the substance involved.

Alcohol

Alcohol overdose, commonly referred to as alcohol poisoning, occurs when alcohol levels in the bloodstream become dangerously high. Symptoms include unconsciousness, seizures, slowed heart rate, irregular breathing, clammy or blue skin, extreme weakness, and the inability to be woken up.

Opioids

Opioid overdoses are the leading cause of drug-related deaths in the US. These cases often involve potent synthetic opioids like fentanyl. Key symptoms include the inability to stay awake, snoring or gurgling sounds, unconsciousness, pinpoint pupils, vomiting, slow or no heart rate, slow or no breathing, and blue or pale skin.

Sedatives

Sedative overdoses often involve benzodiazepines like Xanax or Valium. These can lead to unconsciousness, drowsiness, slurred speech, slow heart rate, and slow or no breathing.

Stimulants

Stimulant overdoses (e.g., methamphetamine or cocaine overdoses) can cause mood swings, confusion, anxiety, paranoia, irritability, tremors, chest pains, high blood pressure, and hallucinations.

Synthetic Drugs

Overdoses on synthetic drugs like MDMA, spice, or bath salts are highly dangerous due to the unpredictable nature of these substances. Symptoms include rapid breathing, anxiety, rapid heart rate, inability to sleep, high body temperature, high blood pressure, vomiting, seizures, and hallucinations.

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What to Do in Case of an Overdose

In over 40% of overdose deaths, someone else was nearby. This highlights the importance of being prepared to act. As overdose complications can escalate quickly, knowing how to respond effectively can help save a life. Here's a step-by-step guide on what to do immediately if you suspect someone is overdosing.

  • Call emergency services. The most crucial step is to dial emergency services (911) immediately. Provide as much detail as possible about the situation and the substances involved. Apart from 911, you can also call the Poison Control emergency number at 1-800-222-1222. It’s a free, confidential service available 24/7 to speak with a poison control expert.
  • Administer naloxone. If you suspect an opioid overdose and have access to naloxone, administer it right away. Naloxone can temporarily reverse the effects of an opioid overdose, giving emergency responders time to arrive.
  • Check their breathing. Ensure the person is breathing. If they aren’t, begin CPR if you’re trained, or follow the instructions provided by the emergency operator.
  • Place them in the recovery position. If the person is unconscious but breathing, place them on their side with their body supported by a bent knee. This helps keep their airway clear and prevents choking if they vomit.

Remember: It’s critical to stay with the person until help arrives. Monitor their condition closely and check for changes in breathing, consciousness, and overall responsiveness. If the person’s condition worsens or they stop breathing, continue administering first aid as directed by emergency services. Also, keep in mind that staying calm and focused can make a significant difference during this crucial time.

Aftercare and Support

Overdose complications can have delayed effects. Therefore, a thorough medical evaluation is necessary. Once immediate medical concerns are addressed, consider looking into long-term treatment options, such as an intensive outpatient treatment or IOP program. Searching for “intensive outpatient treatment near me” can help connect you or your loved one with local resources to support recovery.

Supporting Others in Prevention

Local resources and support groups like Narcotics Anonymous (NA) and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) play a crucial role in overdose prevention. Moreover, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) offers a national helpline (1-800-662-HELP) for individuals seeking treatment for substance use disorders and mental health issues. They can also provide referrals to local treatment centers and support groups.Many communities offer these IOP programs, support groups, and initiatives designed to educate and assist those at risk. The key lies in being proactive and utilizing these resources to your advantage. However, it doesn't end with just educating yourself. To prevent overdose more effectively, it's essential to support and help educate others as well. Letting more people know of the risks associated with substance use and the importance of recognizing overdose signs can go a long way.

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Onto a Safer Future

Overdose is indeed a pressing issue. However, preventing it is possible. It's more than just knowing the signs; it's all about taking action and seeking help when needed. Knowing how to respond in an emergency, understanding the risks of different substances, and educating yourself and others can save lives.At Oregon Trail Recovery, we are dedicated to helping individuals overcome addiction. If you or a loved one needs support, reach out to one of the most trusted, if not the most trusted addictions recovery center Oregon has to offer. Let's work together to prevent overdose and create a safer future.

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